Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria associated with more than 1000 crop diseases worldwide. The major objectives behind this study were to determine the status of phytoplasmas on tomato plantations in Mauritius, identify source(s) of phytoplasmas infections, determine whether phytoplasmas occur singly or in combination with viruses and devise disease management strategies at field level. An islandwide survey across 79 tomato plantations revealed the widespread occurrence of phytoplasma diseases (`maladie pompon' in local jargon) in 74.6% plantations in Mauritius. Moreover although overall mean phytoplasma incidence was low (only 18.1%), the risk from such pathogens cannot be underestimated particularly due to leafhopper detected and the possibility of phytoplasma diseases spreading fast in situations of poor management practices at field. Three phytoplasma groups namely Stolbur group SrXII, Aster yellows group SrI and Elms yellows group SrV were identified from tomato leaf and fruit samples by nested-PCR followed by RFLP techniques. Mixed phytoplasma and virus infections (PVY and TYLCV) were also detected by the ELISA technique. Seedling production under insect-proof conditions together with good sanitation measures were recommended as management techniques for these emerging plant pathogens.