Mauritian Endemic Medicinal Plant Extracts Induce G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Growth Inhibition of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Vitro
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26 October 2021
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Terrestrial plants have contributed massively to the development of modern oncologic drugs. Despite
the wide acceptance of Mauritian endemic flowering plants in traditional medicine, scientific evidence of their
chemotherapeutic potential is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro tumor cytotoxicity of leaf
extracts from five Mauritian endemic medicinal plants, namely Acalypha integrifolia Willd (Euphorbiaceae),
Labourdonnaisia glauca Bojer (Sapotaceae), Dombeya acutangula Cav. subsp. rosea Friedmann (Malvaceae),
Gaertnera psychotrioides (DC.) Baker (Rubiaceae), and Eugenia tinifolia Lam (Myrtaceae). The cytotoxicities of
the extracts were determined against six human cancer cell lines, including cervical adenocarcinoma, colorectal
carcinoma, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The potent extracts were
further investigated using cell cycle analysis and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis. The antioxidant
properties and polyphenolic profile of the potent extracts were also evaluated. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed the presence of (+)-catechin and gallocatechin in E. tinifolia and L. glauca,
while gallic acid was detected in A. integrifolia. L. glauca, A. integrifolia, and E. tinifolia were highly selective
towards human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE-30) cells. L. glauca and E. tinifolia arrested KYSE30 cells in the G2/M phase, in a concentration-dependent manner. RPPA analysis indicated that the extracts may
partly exert their tumor growth-inhibitory activity by upregulating the intracellular level of 5′AMP-activated
kinase (AMPK). The findings highlight the potent antiproliferative activity of three Mauritian endemic leaf
extracts against oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and calls for further investigation into their chemotherapeutic application.